As to its chemical properties, yerba mate is similar to green tea, though much more nutritious. Significant quantities of potash, sodium and magnesium are present in the leaves as well as the infusion. (Tenorio Sanz, Torija Isasa 1991). Vitamins B-1, B-2, A, riboflavin, carotene, colin, pantothenic acid, inositol and 15 types of aminoacids (F. Alikaridis 1987) are also contained. These, as well as the presence of eleven polyphenols (Kawakami, A. Kabayashi 1991) are some of the components that make yerba mate a very healthy drink.

Recent studies from the U.S. indicate that polyphenols are powerful antioxidants that strengthen the organism's natural defenses, and protect it against the cellular destruction that cause physical deterioration and the development of sicknesses. (J. Carper 1988).

Mateine, a chemical substance from the family of the xanteins, is also contained in yerba mate. Its chemical structure is similar to that of caffeine, but with different effects on the body. Even though mateine, as caffeine, is a stimulant of the central nervous system and a promoter of mental activity, it is different from the later as it does not interfere with sleeping patterns. And contrarily to other xanteins, mateine is also a smooth diuretic.

Regarding the effects of yerba mate, changes in behaviour such as an increase in energy and vitality are also observed, as well as an increased capacity of concentration, reduction of nervousness and increased resistance to mental and physical fatigue. An improvement of mood, specially in cases of depression, frequently occurs as a result of its use (D. Mowrey 1991). Apart from providing essential minerals to the body, such a potash, sodium and magnesium, yerba mate retards the accumulation of lactic acid in muscles. This turns it into an excellent natural energizer for people that practice sports or other physical activities (D. Mowrey 1991).